The POP guide to formatting, Part 2, Referencing
Dec 27, 2016 18:06:34 GMT
Post by Thomas Widrow on Dec 27, 2016 18:06:34 GMT
Part 2: referencing properly
So. You have a title. You have your article written out.
Ready to post? Not so fast! Here at POP, we only have one rule, and that is that all op-eds are based on facts.
How do we know you are constructing your opinion on facts? By referencing them!
Referencing is not easy. Here are a few tips to help you.
And you should follow them. Because if you think we are gonna be lax on the one and only rule we have set, you better think again!
So. You have a title. You have your article written out.
Ready to post? Not so fast! Here at POP, we only have one rule, and that is that all op-eds are based on facts.
How do we know you are constructing your opinion on facts? By referencing them!
Referencing is not easy. Here are a few tips to help you.
And you should follow them. Because if you think we are gonna be lax on the one and only rule we have set, you better think again!
Basics
In-text referencing
There are two things you should know about referencing.
By now you should have realized that gathering info on your sources is essential to publishing on POP. Here is a little check-list you can keep close by when doing your research. Note:
For books, record:
For journal articles record:
For electronic resources, try to collect the information above, but also record:
In addition to these, when you are taking notes, if you copy direct quotations or if you put the author’s ideas in your own words, write down the page numbers you got the information from.
- First, you have to list all the material you used in your op-ed at the end of your article. That's called the bibliography.
- Second, every time you cite a fact or if you quote someone, you should give the reference right away, in-text. That's called in-text citation.
The bibliography
Books
Book with one author
Name, Initials (year) Title in italics, Publisher
For example:
Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books.
Book with two authors or more works the same, only you should list all authors alphabetically. Note that we mention the use of the second edition. It's important, because books change from one edition to the next, especially the page numbering.
For example:
Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B. (1991) Getting to yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, 2nd edition, London: Century Business.
Book by same author in the same year, just add a,b,c next to the year.
For example:
Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal storm, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Napier, A. (1993b) Survival at sea, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
If you have used a chapter in a book written by someone other than the editor, first list the chapter then the book it was in.
For example:
Byrne, J. (1995) ‘Disabilities in tertiary education’, in Rowan, L. and McNamee, J. (ed.) Voices of a Margin, Rockhampton: CQU Press.
Book with one author
Name, Initials (year) Title in italics, Publisher
For example:
Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books.
Book with two authors or more works the same, only you should list all authors alphabetically. Note that we mention the use of the second edition. It's important, because books change from one edition to the next, especially the page numbering.
For example:
Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B. (1991) Getting to yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, 2nd edition, London: Century Business.
Book by same author in the same year, just add a,b,c next to the year.
For example:
Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal storm, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Napier, A. (1993b) Survival at sea, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
If you have used a chapter in a book written by someone other than the editor, first list the chapter then the book it was in.
For example:
Byrne, J. (1995) ‘Disabilities in tertiary education’, in Rowan, L. and McNamee, J. (ed.) Voices of a Margin, Rockhampton: CQU Press.
Journal articles
It goes like this:
Name, Initials (year) 'Title of the article', Title of the journal or newspaper, vol. n° (if possible) or number issue, month, pages.
For example
Muller, V. (1994) ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity’, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107.
It goes like this:
Name, Initials (year) 'Title of the article', Title of the journal or newspaper, vol. n° (if possible) or number issue, month, pages.
For example
Muller, V. (1994) ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity’, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107.
Web pages
This is more complicated, just make sure we can trace it back. Include the following:
Name, Initials (year) Title of the page, [Online], Available: link [date accessed].
For example:
Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention, [Online], Available: www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPostionStatement.htm [24 Aug 2001].
This is more complicated, just make sure we can trace it back. Include the following:
Name, Initials (year) Title of the page, [Online], Available: link [date accessed].
For example:
Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention, [Online], Available: www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPostionStatement.htm [24 Aug 2001].
By now you should have realized that gathering info on your sources is essential to publishing on POP. Here is a little check-list you can keep close by when doing your research. Note:
For books, record:
- The author’s or editor’s name (or names)
- The year the book was published
- The title of the book
- If it is an edition other than the first
- The name of the publisher
For journal articles record:
- The author’s name or names
- The year in which the journal was published
- The title of the article
- The title of the journal
- The page number/s of the article in the journal
- As much other information as you can find about the journal, for example the volume and issue numbers
For electronic resources, try to collect the information above, but also record:
- The date you accessed the source
- A working link to the web page
In addition to these, when you are taking notes, if you copy direct quotations or if you put the author’s ideas in your own words, write down the page numbers you got the information from.
In-text referencing
Good job! Now all you need to learn is how to reference in-text. You only do this when you are writing a direct quotation or if you are paraphrasing a key idea belonging to someone else.
This part is very easy. All you need to do is this:
Your text blah blah (Name, year: page n° if applicable)
For example
Thomas is an exceptional person (Widrow, 2016)
Had I (Thomas Widrow) written a book on my magnificence, I would have added the page number where I specifically lay out my argument for this statement (which is so self-evident it doesn't really need one).
I could have also done this:
Widrow laid out a strong argument for Thomas's exceptionalism (2016).
So those are the basics. If you have any questions, please ask here. A member of staff will answer you and modify the guide!
Now you can get writing
Have a great day.
This part is very easy. All you need to do is this:
Your text blah blah (Name, year: page n° if applicable)
For example
Thomas is an exceptional person (Widrow, 2016)
Had I (Thomas Widrow) written a book on my magnificence, I would have added the page number where I specifically lay out my argument for this statement (which is so self-evident it doesn't really need one).
I could have also done this:
Widrow laid out a strong argument for Thomas's exceptionalism (2016).
So those are the basics. If you have any questions, please ask here. A member of staff will answer you and modify the guide!
Now you can get writing
Have a great day.